Aerial photography challenges

Aerial photography includes many challenges not present in non-aerial photography. Some of these include:
Perspective correction - Aerial photographs are often taken at an angle to the object being photographed. This means that the perspective of the photograph will be incorrect with near objects larger than far away objects. Perspective correction is distorting the picture so that equal sized objects in the real world have the same size in the photograph. See orthophoto
Registration -

Aerial photographs usually are mapped to the real world objects (streets, buildings, etc) being photographed. For example, an aerial photograph may be converted into a series of lines based on the roads contained in the photograph.
Stitching - To create an aerial photograph of a large area, multiple photographs must be taken. Stiching is joining those photographs together so that they form a single large photograph. This process creates "seamless" imagery.

Aerial photography is an important commercial skill. Real estate is a big portion of our economy and usually the best way to illustrate the value of a building or piece of land is with a photograph taken from a helicopter or airplane.
Aerial photography is an important artistic skill. A lot of the world's most interesting patterns are only apparent from the air.
There is only one thing that aerial photography seldom works for: conveying the experience of being up in the air. When you're sitting up front in a light plane or helicopter, you look up at a panoramic view of open sky. You look forward and sideways at a 180-degree stretch of horizon. You look down and see interesting features on the ground all around you. An aerial photograph that isolates a shopping mall is a useful thing for shopping mall developers, but it doesn't remind a pilot of flying over that shopping mall.

Read about the challenges and how to get going: http://www.photo.net/learn/aerial/primer

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