Color and Computer Images

This explains computer images and color pretty good:
http://photography.about.com/library/weekly/aa031703a.htm

Images displayed on computer screens are composed of lines of coloured dots we call pixels (short for 'picture elements'.) On a typical computer, each of these pixels is made up of three dots, one red, one green and one blue (RGB). By varying the intensity of these three dots, a wide range of colours can be produced. The obvious way to store an image in a computer system is simply a list of these values for each dot in order, pixel by pixel and line by line. At the start of the file there also needs to be some other data about the file, perhaps for example giving the lengths of the line.

For our normal 24 bit colour display, each pixel is represented in the file by 3 values, each of 8 bits, corresponding to the RGB dots. Since 8 bits is one byte, there are three bytes for each pixel. This means image files are relatively large; even a small on screen image, perhaps 300x200 pixels, contains 60,000 pixels and would need 180,000 bytes.

A picture may be worth a thousand words, but typically a text file this size might hold 20,000 words! For many purposes simple files such as this are too large, and formats that can compress image data - such as JPEG are used. Other formats are also often compressed.

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